This order includes 8 Discussions which is why I have paid for 4 pages. I expect two discussions to be completed per page. The discussions are as follows, 1. What are some of the key environmental forces that have changed the way projects are managed? What has been the effect of these forces on the management of projects? 2.What are the differences between bottom-up and top-down estimating approaches? Under what

conditions would you prefer one over the other? 3. What are the risks associated with leveling resources, compressing or crashing projects, and imposed durations or “catch-up” as the project is being implemented? 4. The chances of risk events occurring and their respective costs change over the project life cycle. What is the significance of this phenomenon to a project manager? 5. Why is a conductor of an orchestra an appropriate metaphor for being a project manager? What aspects of project managing are not reflected by this metaphor? Can you think of other

metaphors that would be appropriate? 6. How does a Tracking Gantt Chart help communicate project progress? How does the Tracking Gantt Chart differ from the Control Chart? What are the advantages of a Tracking Gantt Chart? Provide an example of how you could use a Tracking Gantt Chart at either work or home. 7. How should you go about preparing yourself for an international project? There are several basic factors

in the host country’s environment that may alter how a project may be implemented. Select three of these factors and discuss their impact on the project. 8. Explain to a fellow student the major benefits of project management oversight to an organization. What are three major advantages to an organization using the maturity model?